Seismic activity is primarily triggered by the movement of tectonic plates, which are large sections of the Earth’s lithosphere that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere beneath them. These plates can interact in various ways—colliding, sliding past each other, or pulling apart—resulting in stress accumulation over time. When this stress exceeds the strength of the rocks, it leads to a sudden release of energy in the form of seismic waves, causing earthquakes that can reshape landscapes and have significant effects on nearby populations.
Additionally, other factors can contribute to seismic activity, including volcanic activity and human-induced events such as mining or reservoir-induced seismicity from large dams. The release of magma during a volcanic eruption can also create pressure changes in surrounding rocks, leading to earthquakes. Understanding these triggers is crucial for assessing earthquake risks and implementing safety measures in vulnerable areas, especially in regions where tectonic plate boundaries are prevalent.