The Black Death, which swept across Europe in the mid-14th century, resulted in the deaths of an estimated one-third to one-half of the population, leading to profound long-term effects on European society. The dramatic decrease in population caused significant labor shortages, which empowered surviving workers and resulted in higher wages and better working conditions. This shift weakened the feudal system as peasants began demanding more rights and opportunities, ultimately contributing to the rise of a more modern workforce and economy.
Culturally, the aftermath of the Black Death prompted changes in art and philosophy, as many artists began to explore themes of mortality, suffering, and humanism. This period saw a transition from medieval perspectives focused on the divine towards more secular views that celebrated human experience and individuality. Additionally, the plague catalyzed advancements in public health and medicine, as societies recognized the need for improved hygiene and healthcare systems to prevent future outbreaks.
Overall, the Black Death played a crucial role in shaping modern European society by altering social structures, economic practices, and cultural expressions.