The Indus Valley Civilization, which thrived around 2500 BCE in present-day Pakistan and northwest India, is renowned for its advanced urban planning that laid the groundwork for future cities. Their cities, such as Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, were meticulously designed with grid layouts that facilitated efficient movement and organization. Streets were often straight and aligned north-south or east-west, showcasing an impressive understanding of spatial planning.
Additionally, the civilization developed sophisticated drainage systems, including covered drains that ran along the streets to manage wastewater effectively and maintain public hygiene. This focus on sanitation was revolutionary for the time and contributed significantly to public health. The use of standardized weights and measures also indicates a high level of economic organization, enabling trade and commerce to flourish within and beyond their cities.
Together, these innovations illustrate the Indus Valley Civilization’s profound influence on urban development and public infrastructure in later societies.