Corals and zooxanthellae engage in a symbiotic relationship that is crucial for the health of coral reefs. The zooxanthellae, which are microscopic algae living within the coral’s tissues, perform photosynthesis to convert sunlight into energy, producing essential nutrients like glucose, amino acids, and oxygen. These nutrients not only fuel the growth of the corals but also enhance their overall health and resilience against environmental stressors.
In return, corals provide a protected environment for the zooxanthellae to thrive, offering them shelter from harmful ultraviolet rays and other external threats. This partnership is vital for reef ecosystems, as it allows corals to build their calcium carbonate skeletons, contributing to the structural complexity of reefs. Healthy coral reefs support diverse marine life, protect coastlines from erosion, and contribute to local economies through tourism and fishing, highlighting the intricate interdependence between corals and their algal partners.