The Aztecs were innovative agriculturalists who created chinampas, or floating gardens, which allowed them to cultivate crops on the shallow lake beds of the Valley of Mexico. These man-made islands were constructed using layers of mud and vegetation, creating fertile plots that could produce a variety of crops such as maize, beans, and squash. This method not only maximized arable land but also enabled year-round farming due to the water surrounding the chinampas, which helped retain moisture and nutrients.
In addition to their agricultural advancements, the Aztecs excelled in urban design, building impressive cities like Tenochtitlan with a well-planned layout that included grand temples, residential areas, and essential infrastructure such as causeways and canals. Their urban planning was characterized by a keen understanding of their environment, incorporating features that facilitated trade and transportation while managing water resources effectively. The combination of chinampas and sophisticated urban design not only supported a growing population but also showcased the Aztecs’ ability to thrive in an environment that posed significant challenges.